{"id":70,"date":"2024-06-01T20:06:00","date_gmt":"2024-06-01T12:06:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.anysets.tech\/?p=70"},"modified":"2025-07-24T16:28:19","modified_gmt":"2025-07-24T08:28:19","slug":"ar-linux%e7%ac%94%e8%ae%b0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.anysets.tech\/?p=70","title":{"rendered":"AR Linux\u7b14\u8bb0"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3>Linux\u76843\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h3>\n<h5>\u6865\u63a5\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h5>\n<p>\u6865\u63a5\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e3b\u673a\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u865a\u62df\u7f51\u6865\u4e0e\u865a\u62df\u673a\u5efa\u7acb\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u865a\u62df\u673a\u3001\u4e3b\u673a\u5171\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u5173\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u76f8\u4e92\u4e4b\u95f4\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5ping\u901a\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>NAT\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h5>\n<p>\u865a\u62df\u673a\u63a7\u5236\u8f6f\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u865a\u62df\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u5173\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u865a\u62df\u673a\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u4e3b\u673a\u548c\u865a\u62df\u673a\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u865a\u62df\u7f51\u7edc\u9002\u914d\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u6b64\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u865a\u62df\u673a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u5916\u754c\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u4e3b\u673a\u901a\u8baf\uff0c\u4f46\u5916\u754c\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e0e\u865a\u62df\u673a\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>\u4e3b\u673a\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h5>\n<p>\u865a\u62df\u673a\u63a7\u5236\u8f6f\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u865a\u62df\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u5173\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u865a\u62df\u673a\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u4e3b\u673a\u548c\u865a\u62df\u673a\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u865a\u62df\u7f51\u7edc\u9002\u914d\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u6b64\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u865a\u62df\u673a\u53ea\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u4e3b\u673a\u901a\u8baf\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e0e\u5916\u754c\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u5916\u754c\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e0e\u865a\u62df\u673a\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>Linux\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784<\/h3>\n<pre><code>\/bin\uff1a\u5b58\u653e\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6237\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982 ls\u3001cp\u3001mv \u7b49\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f15\u5bfc\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5230\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e5f\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u3002\n\n\/boot\uff1a\u5b58\u653e\u5f15\u5bfc\u52a0\u8f7d\u5668\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5185\u6838\u955c\u50cf\u548c\u542f\u52a8\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982 vmlinuz\u3001initrd.img \u548c grub \u76ee\u5f55\u3002\n\n\/dev\uff1a\u5b58\u653e\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u4e2a\u786c\u4ef6\u8bbe\u5907\u6216\u865a\u62df\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u5982\u786c\u76d8\u3001\u5149\u9a71\u3001\u7ec8\u7aef\u7b49\u3002\n\n\/etc\uff1a\u5b58\u653e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5982\u7f51\u7edc\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u7b49\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\/etc\/passwd \u5b58\u50a8\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u6237\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\/etc\/fstab \u5b58\u50a8\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u6302\u8f7d\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\n\n\/home\uff1a\u5b58\u653e\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u6570\u636e\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u7b49\u90fd\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u3002\n\n\/lib\uff1a\u5b58\u653e\u57fa\u672c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u5185\u6838\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u5305\u62ec \/lib\u3001\/lib32 \u548c \/lib64 \u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u7cfb\u7edf\u67b6\u6784\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u6709\u6240\u533a\u522b\u3002\n\n\/media\uff1a\u6302\u8f7d\u53ef\u79fb\u52a8\u5a92\u4f53\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9\uff0c\u5982\u5149\u76d8\u3001U\u76d8\u7b49\u3002\n\n\/mnt\uff1a\u4e34\u65f6\u6302\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u624b\u52a8\u6302\u8f7d\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\n\n\/opt\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u5b89\u88c5\u9644\u52a0\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u8f6f\u4ef6\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5b89\u88c5\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e0e\u7cfb\u7edf\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5206\u5f00\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\n\n\/proc\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u6838\u548c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b9e\u9645\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531\u5185\u6838\u52a8\u6001\u751f\u6210\u3002\n\n\/root\uff1a\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\uff08root \u7528\u6237\uff09\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u4e0e\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u5728 \/home \u4e0d\u540c\u3002\n\n\/run\uff1a\u5b58\u653e\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5982\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u7a0b ID\uff08PID\uff09\u6587\u4ef6\u3001socket \u6587\u4ef6\u7b49\u3002\n\n\/sbin\uff1a\u5b58\u653e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f15\u5bfc\u548c\u4fee\u590d\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u4e00\u822c\u6ca1\u6709\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6743\u9650\u3002\n\n\/srv\uff1a\u5b58\u653e\u7531\u7cfb\u7edf\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5982\u7f51\u9875\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\n\n\/sys\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u8bbe\u5907\u548c\u5185\u6838\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u914d\u7f6e\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\n\n\/tmp\uff1a\u5b58\u653e\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5220\u9664\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u4e34\u65f6\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u3002\n\n\/usr\uff1a\u5b58\u653e\u7528\u6237\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u591a\u4e2a\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\uff1a\n    \/usr\/bin\uff1a\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7528\u6237\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\n    \/usr\/sbin\uff1a\u975e\u57fa\u672c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\n    \/usr\/lib\uff1a\u4e3a \/usr\/bin \u548c \/usr\/sbin \u4e2d\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\n    \/usr\/local\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u672c\u5730\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u548c\u6570\u636e\u3002\n    \/usr\/share\uff1a\u67b6\u6784\u65e0\u5173\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u6570\u636e\u3002\n\n\/var\uff1a\u5b58\u653e\u7ecf\u5e38\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5982\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\/var\/log\uff09\u3001\u90ae\u4ef6\uff08\/var\/mail\uff09\u3001\u6253\u5370\u673a\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\/var\/spool\uff09\u3001\u9501\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\/var\/lock\uff09\u548c\u7f13\u5b58\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\/var\/cache\uff09\u3002<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>Linux\u7528\u6237<\/h3>\n<h5>\u6dfb\u52a0\u7528\u6237\uff1a<code><code>useradd -\u9009\u9879 \u53c2\u6570<\/code><\/code><\/h5>\n<p>-d \u6307\u5b9a\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n<p>-e \u6307\u5b9a\u8d26\u6237\u5230\u671f\u65f6\u95f4<\/p>\n<p>-u \u6307\u5b9aUID<\/p>\n<p>-g \u6307\u5b9a\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6237\u7ec4<\/p>\n<p>-G \u6307\u5b9a\u6269\u5c55\u7528\u6237\u7ec4<\/p>\n<p>-N \u4e0d\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u540c\u540d\u7528\u6237\u7ec4<\/p>\n<p>-s \u6307\u5b9a\u9ed8\u8ba4shell<\/p>\n<h5>\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\uff1a<code><code>usermod -\u9009\u9879 \u53c2\u6570<\/code><\/code><\/h5>\n<p>-c \u4fee\u6539\u5907\u6ce8<\/p>\n<p>-d \u4fee\u6539\u767b\u5165\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n<p>-e \u4fee\u6539\u6709\u6548\u671f\u9650<\/p>\n<p>-f \u4fee\u6539\u5bc6\u7801\u8fc7\u671f\u540e\u591a\u4e45\u5173\u95ed\u8be5\u8d26\u53f7<\/p>\n<p>-g \u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u7ec4<\/p>\n<p>-G \u4fee\u6539\u9644\u52a0\u7fa4\u7ec4<\/p>\n<p>-l \u4fee\u6539\u8d26\u6237\u540d<\/p>\n<p>-L \u9501\u5b9a\u7528\u6237<\/p>\n<p>-U \u89e3\u9501\u7528\u6237<\/p>\n<p>-u \u4fee\u6539UID<\/p>\n<p>-s \u4fee\u6539\u9ed8\u8ba4shell<\/p>\n<h5>\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\uff1a<code><code>passwd<\/code><\/code><\/h5>\n<h3>Linux\u6587\u4ef6\u57fa\u672c\u5c5e\u6027<\/h3>\n<p><code><code>ls -a<\/code><\/code> \u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<p><code><code>ls -l<\/code><\/code> \u4ee5\u5217\u8868\u5f62\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<h3>Linux\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728\u6267\u884c\u5b8c<code><code>ls -l<\/code><\/code>\u540e\u6700\u5de6\u4fa7\u4e00\u5217\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff1a<br \/>\n<code><code>-rw-r--r--<\/code><\/code><\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d\u7b2c1\u4f4d\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c<code><code>-<\/code><\/code>\u662f\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c2-4\u4f4d\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5c5e\u4e3b\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u7b2c5-7\u4f4d\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5c5e\u7ec4\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u7b2c8-10\u4f4d\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650<\/p>\n<p>\u6bcf3\u4f4d\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u8868\u793a r\uff1a\u8bfb\u6743\u9650\u3001 w\uff1a\u5199\u6743\u9650\u3001 x\uff1a\u8fd0\u884c\u6743\u9650<\/p>\n<h3>\u5bf9Linux\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h3>\n<p><code><code>chgrp<\/code><\/code>\uff1a\u6539\u53d8\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u5c5e\u7fa4\u7ec4<br \/>\n<code><code>chown<\/code><\/code>\uff1a\u6539\u53d8\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u6709\u4eba<br \/>\n<code><code>chmod<\/code><\/code>\uff1a\u6539\u53d8\u6587\u4ef6\u5c5e\u6027<\/p>\n<p>chmod \u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u76f8\u5f53\u5e38\u7528\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u4ece\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u4e0b\u8f7d\u7684\u811a\u672c\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u4f1a\u63d0\u793a\u6ca1\u6709\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u53e5<code><code>chmod a+x \u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/code><\/code>\u5373\u53ef\u6b63\u5e38\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u6570\u5b57\u8bbe\u5b9a\u6cd5\uff0cr\u4e3a4\uff0cw\u4e3a2\uff0cx\u4e3a1<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u65f6\u6267\u884c<code><code>chmod 777 \u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/code><\/code>\u5373\u53ef\u7ed9\u6587\u4ef6\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d6\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u9700\u8981\u8fd9\u6837\u8bbe\u5b9a\u65f6\uff0c\u7ed9\u51fa755\u7684\u6743\u9650\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u8def\u5f84<\/h3>\n<p>Linux\uff08\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u53ea\u662fLinux\uff09\u4e0b\u6709\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u4e4b\u5206<\/p>\n<p>\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u5c31\u662f\u4ece\u6839\u76ee\u5f55<code><code>\/<\/code>`<code>\u5f00\u59cb\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982<\/code>`<code>\/home\/anysets\/.bashrc<\/code><\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u79cd\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684<code><code>~<\/code>`<code>\u4ee3\u6307\u7684\u5373\u4e3a\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u4e3a<\/code>`<code>~\/.bashrc<\/code><\/code>\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u5728\u5199\u811a\u672c\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u786e\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u591a\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Linux\u76843\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u5f0f \u6865\u63a5\u6a21\u5f0f \u6865\u63a5\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e3b\u673a\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u865a\u62df\u7f51\u6865\u4e0e\u865a\u62df\u673a\u5efa\u7acb\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u865a\u62df\u673a\u3001\u4e3b\u673a\u5171\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-70","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-9"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.anysets.tech\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.anysets.tech\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.anysets.tech\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.anysets.tech\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.anysets.tech\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=70"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.anysets.tech\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":71,"href":"https:\/\/www.anysets.tech\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70\/revisions\/71"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.anysets.tech\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=70"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.anysets.tech\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=70"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.anysets.tech\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=70"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}